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I
had been to Yokosuka Naval Base a few times, and had seen
what looked like an old warship in a city park area off base.
I asked about it and found out it was a open display of a
pre-WW 1 battleship. Teresa was in the states for a training
seminar, so this seemed like the perfect time to spend a day
crawling thru an old steel battleship...Here I am taking off
in the morning for the bike ride to Tachikawa city, and then
onto teh 2.5 hours of train time to get there.
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Here
is the Yokuska Train Station. I came in on the Keiko Line,
not the standard JR line, so I had to hike a kilometer or
so to the bay. I knew I was in the right place when I saw
all of the Japanese sailors in uniform.
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This
is the main shopping road going down thru Yokosuka City. It
is wide and open, with trees, large sidewalks, it was clean,
and the cherry blossoms were just finishing falling down.
It was very charming.
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Walking
pass the US Navy Base, I walked down along a long plaza, which
borders the bay. Here is some sort of monument to a Japanese
sailing vessel. I couldn't read the characters on the memorial,
so I'm not sure what it was for.
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There
were plenty of public signs on the streets showing maps of
the area, both in English and Japanese. It is easy to find
your way around.
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Finally
I walk thru a plaza entrance, and see the battleship. It seems
to be a popular place for the locals to come and visit too.
There was a visitors center and tour boat shop on the right
of this picture. It is where I bought the ticket to visit
the ship as well.
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I
hold out the camera to take a shot of myself. It was a nice
and sunny day, about 70 degrees. The sun was very bright,
and I was wishing I had brought sun lotion.
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At
the visitors center they also sell tickets for harbor cruises,
as well a trips out to some of the islands just a kilo or
two out in the bay.
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Here
is a shot of one of the cruise boats. The boat rides to the
islands look like they take only 10 or 15 minutes to get to
the islands. In the following pictures is some data that I
got off of the brochures, and off of the internet.
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This
is the HIJMS Mikasa, which stands for His Imperial Japanese
Majesty's Ship, Mikasa. Construction was started on the Mikasa
in 1899 and was completed in 1902 by the British firm of Vickers
Company. The battleship Mikasa was the flagship of Admiral
Heihachiro Togo, Commander in Chief of the Japanese Combined
Fleet during the Russo-Japanese War (1904~1905).
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Mikasa
was the flagship of the Imperial Japanse Navy, and fought
in every major naval engagement of her time. Most noteworthy
was Mikasa's performance in the Battle of Tsushima Straits
on May 27, 1905, when the fleet she lead, under the command
of Admiral Togo, achived a total victory over the Russian
Baltic Fleet. As a result of this battle, Russia surrendered
and Japan became recognized by the world as a major World
Power.
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The
Mikasa is the last remaining "Pre-Dreadnaught"
battleship left in the world. She was named after Mount
Mikasa in Nara, Japan.
Following
the 18941895 First Sino-Japanese War, and the forced
return of the Liaodong Peninsula to China under Russian
pressure, Japan began to build up its military strength
in preparation for further confrontations. In particular,
Japan promulgated a ten-year naval build-up program, with
the construction of six battleships and six armored cruisers
at its core.
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One of these battleships, Mikasa, was ordered
from the Vickers shipyard in Barrow-in-Furness, United Kingdom
at the end of 1898, for delivery to Japan in 1902. She took
three years to complete, at the great cost of £880,000
(8.8 million yen).
That same year Japan also secured diplomatic
and strategic support, by concluding the 1902 Anglo-Japanese
Alliance with the world's strongest naval power. The United
Kingdom shared Japan's wish to contain Russian expansionism
in the Far East, especially to protect its interests in
China and India.
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At
the time of her delivery, Mikasa was a state-of-the-art pre-dreadnought
battleship, achieving an unprecedented combination of firepower
and protective strength. She was adapted from the Royal Navy's
latest Majestic class design, with increased displacement
(15,140 tonnes against 14,900), improved speed (18 knots against
17), slightly stronger armament (two more 6 inch guns), and
much stronger armour: she kept the same armour thicknesses
but used high performance Krupp armour, around 50% stronger
compared to the Harvey armour used by the Majestic class.
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Her
main guns, grouped in armoured turrets in a central position,
allowed for the rest of the ship to be evenly protected with
the heavy Krupp protective steel plates. Thanks to this design,
Mikasa was able to withstand a large number of direct hits:
she received around 20 hits during the battle of the Yellow
Sea on 10 August 1904, and around 30 hits during the battle
of Tsushima, with only limited damage. The firepower and the
longer range of the guns of Mikasa were also fully exploited
by highly trained and effective Japanese gunners.
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At
Tsushima, Mikasa led the combined Japanese fleet into one
of the most decisive naval battles in history. The Russian
fleet was almost completely annihilated: out of 38 Russian
ships, 21 were sunk, 7 captured, 6 disarmed, 4,545 Russian
servicemen died and 6,106 were taken prisoner. On the other
hand, the Japanese only lost 116 men and 3 torpedo boats.
But note that the Japanese navy was a highly professional
organisation based upon the British Royal Navy; by contrast
the Russian navy was ill-prepared to fight and crewed largely
by landsmen, not seamen. Admiral Togo, the 'Japanese Nelson',
himself spent several years with the Royal Navy in Britain.
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Ironically,
shortly after the peace treaty with Russia was signed, Mikasa
sank after a fire and magazine explosion took out a section
of hull while in harbor at Sasebo on 1905-09-11. The accident
killed 339 crewmen, or approximately three times the number
killed in combat during the war and injured some 300 more.
The ship settled in 11 metres (36.1 ft) of water. Extensive
efforts were made to salvage the ship, and after repeated
attempts, she was re-floated on 1906-08-08 and towed to Maizuru
Naval Arsenal for repairs.
After two years of repairs which included
the replacement of her badly-corroded 12-inch 40-calibre main
guns by newer longer and hence more more powerful 12-inch
45-calibre guns, Mikasa was re-commissioned and restored to
active service in 1908.
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However,
she soon became obsolete following the development of the
dreadnought battleships, and was de-rated to a 2nd class battleship,
then to a 3rd class battleship, and on 1921-09-01, to that
of a 1st class Coastal defence ship.
Mikasa ran aground while patrolling in dense
fog in the Askold Channel off the coast of Russia during the
Japanese Siberian Intervention in the Russian Civil War on
1921-09-16. She was recovered with the assistance of the Fuji,
Kasuga, Yodo, and repaired at Japanese-occupied Vladivostok.
After her return to Maizuru, her active deployment was terminated,
and she was placed in the mothball fleet
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Mikasa
was decommissioned following the Washington Naval Treaty of
1921 and scheduled for destruction. However, at the request
of the Japanese government, each of the signatory countries
to the treaty agreed that the Mikasa be preserved as a memorial
ship. On 1925-11-12, Mikasa was put on display in Yokosuka,
Japan.
This is a
shot of the admirals cabin in the back of the ship, along
with 5 inch twin cannons on either side of the room. Just
up from the cannons are doors leading to an outside decking
area.
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During
World War II Mikasa was bombed during various air raids by
the USAAF. Following Japan's defeat, the American occupation
forces confiscated Mikasa, dismantled her guns, leaving her
in very poor state. The government of the Soviet Union made
strong demands that Mikasa be destroyed completely as a symbol
of Russia's humiliation by Japan during the Russo-Japanese
War[citation needed]. The demands were dropped when the Soviet
ambassador visited the ship and saw its extremely dilapidated
state.
Below is a
shot of a wrap around decking for the Admirals Cabin in the
back of the ship.
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A
preservation movement resumed in 1958, with United States
participation through financial support and the direct involvement
of Admiral Chester Nimitz. Restoration work was completed
on 27 May 1961, at a cost of 180 million yen. A substantial
quantity of the missing parts and fittings were provided from
the Chilean Navy battleship Almirante Latorre, which was being
scrapped in Japan at the time.
This is a shot of the
Admiral's Bathroom.
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The tourist brochure given to visitors boarding
the Mikasa describes the ship as one of the "Three Great
Historical Warships of the World", together with Victory
in Portsmouth, UK, and Constitution in Boston, USA.
The ship has an extensive model and photo
museum in the heart of the ship, and well worth touring for
that alone!
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.In
England, at Barrow-in-Furness where JNS Mikasa was built,
there is a street of local shops on Walney Island named Mikasa
Street.
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Me
and the timer feature of the camera get a shot of me, the
forward turret, and the US Navy Base at Yokosuka.
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Looking
back from the bow at how the Battleship is laid out.
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I
use the timer feature to take a snapshot of me on the bow.
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I've
been on a number of warships, including the HMS Victory, USS
Alabama, USS Missouri, USN Bowfin, and others. But this one
had a certain charm and grace that I didn't sense in the others.
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Looking
up at the forward mast and observation post.
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Here
is a shot of the forward part of the Mikasa. The battleship
is totally encased in concrete, with the bow pointing in respect,
directly at the Imperial Palace in Tokyo.
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After
visiting the Mikasa, I decided to walk around Yokosuka Navy
Base, and then shop at the NEX. Here is a shot looking back
at the Yokosuka Navy Base marina, with a McDonalds overlooking
the rental boats.
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Here
is a shot of the Yokosuka Navy Exchange comples. I enjoy shopping
there, as it is differntly stocked than the local AAFES BX.
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Here
is a drawing of the HIJMS Mikasa when it was in active duty.
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